Yet, in our eyes and perceptions, it is truly the same. To paraphrase Heraclitus about not stepping twice in the same river, the culture in which we communicate today is not the same in which we communicated yesterday. Culture is as difficult to define as it is to seize cultures are ever evolving and changing. Within each culture, it is possible to identify “subcultures”: groups of people with distinctive sets of practices and behaviours that set them apart from the larger culture and from other subcultures. 4 It is this meaning of culture as inherited patterns of shared meanings and common understandings that we address in this section.
It was first around 1500 CE that the word started to appear in the figurative sense of “cultivation through education” and it was only in the mid-19th century that the word was linked to ideas about the collective customs and ways of life of different societies.
The word “culture” comes from the Latin, “cultura” meaning “to tend, guard, cultivate, till”. None of these meanings of “culture” is usually dealt with by ministries of culture or their equivalent governmental authorities. We can also talk about a cultured person, meaning someone who has good manners and is formally educated in the traditions of literature and art, or about culture shock: a person’s disorientation and frustration when experiencing an unfamiliar culture. The word “culture” is used in many different ways, for instance, popular culture, mass culture, urban culture, feminist culture, minority culture, corporate culture and, last but not least, youth culture. They are also the grounds on which human rights are often challenged and abused, including those of young people.
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Another reason for including sport is that sports provide young people with opportunities for social interaction through which they can develop the knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary for their full participation in civil society.Ĭulture and sport are both human rights and related to various other human rights. Sport is popular particularly with young people statistics show that 61% of young people aged between 15 and 24 participate regularly (at least once a week) in sporting activities in the EU2 2. Sport is a universal element in all cultures and therefore we have chosen to include it as a theme for Compass. It is not only the fact of writing books or building houses. Culture is the way we dress, the way we carry our heads, the way we walk, the way we tie our ties.
Introduction to the 2012 edition of Compass.
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